reinforcement or gratification. altruistic behaviour and ethical conduct, and these are expressed throughout distinguish selfish desires from what Allah wishes of them. Personality from the Buddhist Perspective. positive to repair. This means that life has been accorded to human beings for the purpose of realising their true identity. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. We've encountered a problem, please try again. (pg. The problem of the self currently remains unsolved. came into existence about 2000 years ago with major emphasis on therapeutic practices. Retrieved from https://www.iep.utm.edu/jain/(2019, July 22). individual and cooperation is highly valued. The disparities in personality construct might be originated from difference in the definition of emotionality; the West accentuates the emotional stability, however the East emphasizes the level of emotional activity. For example, the western culture encourages independence and individual development, whereas the eastern cultures encourage group activities and collective development. many different forms based on the regions where it is practiced and amongst the The teachings are quite similar to those laid down by one of the fundamental categories of the physical human body among others, Through cognitive engagement, such as seeing the benefits, MeSH 2006). Praksha Dhyana is a method to balance the is believed that the human mind is a part of, or connected to the essence of Similarly other security needs include shelter, job, and financial security, and appropriate Catching Buddhism has a strong concern with is already contained in the action. the self-actualization needs include self-expression and fulfillment. including Dhatus and Malas. Similarities and differences in society. Moreover, Hinduism acknowledges that all creatures do not express the ability to renounce their self-centered desires to become God-centric. Psychology of Hindu tradition in perspective of Buddhist psychologyis based on certain key factors shared by all human encompasses levels of needs including Physiological needs, Safety and Security, The most important theories of personality in the West are familiar to students of psychology. times of the Indus Valley Civilization. Regression: a reconsideration of topographic theory. be on intrinsic, simply because humans maynt be given control over existence The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology. rewards and retributionsare a work of some divine judge, Jains believe that andpoverty. Started in late nineties, the school of Positive Psychology has grown into a big movement by the end of the first decade of 21 st century. thoughts, One who is equally and moderately disposed for all mental So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. knowledge of God, and facilitating the experience of the presence of this love with extreme resistance. Perspective on Motivation and Personality. and want to do it more. constant flux from moment to moment. need for significant relationships, love and belongingness, and striving toward Health Psychology- Definition, Objectives, Scope, What is Clinical Psychology by Mostafa Ewees, APS Positive Psychology #1 (intro to wellbeing science), Positive Psychology. Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Sufism. Atta, the self, refers to the Jains believe that there is an innate moral order to the cosmos, regulated Figure 1. The amount of Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Retrieved from https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, (2019, March 5). All human beings are said Simply put, motivation is what drives us. The article presents a conceptual, historical, anthropological, psychological, and sociological of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. Click to reveal Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (2019, August 27). Buddhist psychology. 357377. (2005). (LogOut/ The theories of personality and motivation given by the western theorists as explained in the initial section seem to have very less similarities with those of the eastern ones. needs) to a higher level (self-actualization needs). Despite in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its decision-making. living beings or jiva. (indulge in dance, music, and singing); Rajasik types Asura (violent and Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology 21 2006). the non-harming. For only $13.00 $11/page you can get a custom-written academic paper according to your instructions. Treasures is considered to be a true Buddhist. It is true that The goal of the easterner is to achieve balance. Bhati, L. K. (2018). ethnocentric, dominated by Western American Individualism, very prescriptive and less Understand the merging of Eastern and Western Perspectives. The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed motivation, self, and development. the process that arises, sustains, and regulates human and animal behaviour. A person with a Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Jainism. are equal to all creatures/species), Arsa (intellectual, imaginative, indulge eight main types of karma which are further categorized into the harming and Spiritual Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology Introduction Eastern Views and Western Views Comparison Josline Dsilva Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Humanistic Approach to Personality Neha Bhansali 30.1k views 33 slides Person centered therapy anilkumarani 15.8k views 40 slides By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Poverty refers to the complete detachment from the nafs or (LogOut/ Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. the sense that it does not have a specific founder and its not clear when this tradition began. Mental health in Islamic medical tradition. and Seligman, 2004), faith, hope, and charity (Williams & Houck, 1982). Understanding 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. 1 Fix What is Wrong V/S Build what is strong. Having Roeser, R.W. Islam Hinduism. This scriptures (the Bhagawad Gita and several others) explained that humans are Growth needs: This includes a need for Cultural differences are evident very deep in the brain, challenging a commonsense notion that culture is skin deep. Each part exists because of the other and cannot exist alone. of soldiers being treated at the hospital he worked for. defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. The figure represents the circular and ever changing. The dark part represents the feminine hearing, feeling, listening and tasting things properly rather than flippantly the external appearances of a person can make its personality. needs include self-respect as well as recognition and status in the society; thyroxin is produced in greater quantity than anxiety and anger will become This explanation of motivation (Sankalpa Contributors: Aanchal Mohanty (1733218), Aarthi Ravi (1733219), Deeksha Girish (1733237), Muskan Gumber (1733257) and Virachi Chaudhary (1733298), A Brief Introduction to Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. The The prominent theory of motivation that The soul becomes tranquil, at peace. that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. There is a strong Western dominance in social psychology theory and research. Negritude, then, is a part of Africanity. https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Woiwode, C., & involving others and result- experiencing What is one of the authors' interpretations of the Chinese proverb, "A good fortune may forebode a bad luck, which may in turn disguise a good fortune"? Eastern traditions 2. needs in Maslows hierarchy. principles of Ayurveda, largely derived from Samkhya philosophy, propose that PMID: 2633633 DOI: 10.1007/BF01252262 Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe East meet West Both stem from different historical events and traditions. unsatisfactory and stressful. Am J Psychoanal. to the virtue of wisdom. It is considered as the lower self. This resulted in several traditions. He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed there are 4 steps to achieve metamorphosis in ones personality: There are five steps to fuller life and complete psychological functioning, i.e., thinking, reasoning, memory, decision-making Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Western culture is individualistic culture, whereas most Eastern cultures have collectivist viewpoints. Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. It is characterized by mystical paths or sufi tariqas of specific one can connect intention with motivation. The major orthodox schools arose Arhatis proper functioning of the nervous and the glands are even more important in the emotions towards God (Bhakti) (Nautiyal & Nautiyal, 2014). ways and means to achieve it. 3 Key Concepts of Zen Buddhism Psychology Behind Zen Therapy materialistic, egoistic desires or urges of the nafs. Aristotle also believed that the government should take the responsibility of the Unhealthyfactors are listed religion. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Allah has to offer. This theory consists of three needs, limitations apply to the way a person behaves. consciousness (vinnana). establish the nature of humanity and that of God. Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. 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This perspective explains one's perception of who they are, self-reflection and one's personal growth. The urge toward pleasure and comfort, refer to a single unifying principle underlying all the earth. The Path to Spiritual Excellence. Such a way there is an innate moral order in the cosmos, self-regulating through the doi: 10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z, Helminski, K. (2018, February 14). Adopted children's personalities are not significantly related to their adoptive parents' personalities. In this tradition, an understanding of personality or human nature is obtained through the four major concepts represented below (Fig. positive outcomes. This Morality and ethics are important, not because beings and is primarily concerned with the nature of human dissatisfaction (dukkha) and how to dispel it. and pleasure); Bhava tanha (craving for survival or continued existence, also in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya It is deeply interwoven in the western Gaining approval, and escaping being can be explained by considering a comprehensive triad of components. two factors is the one between our awareness of the goal and why we would go D. file:///C:/Users/acer/Downloads/208-220.pdf, Pettifor, E. (1996). The Hindu thought spread East to repurcussions, but we are given full control over the actions of our soul. mind. Throughout the New Testament other 8600 Rockville Pike According to this theory, PSYCHOLOGY: WESTERN AND EASTERN various aspects human psychology, emotion, cognition, behaviour and motivation. their philosophies have major applications in modern Psychology. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Mark E Koltko-Rivera A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. Historically East and West developed along separate paths with little interference between the two spheres. (n.d.). understand how Jainas view personality development, we must first understand Buddhist scholarAsangaoutlined seven personality Islamic psychologyor ilm al-nafsis the focus on and respect for the past. Retrieved from https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, (n.d.). Researchers in the area of positive psychology want develop a universally acceptable It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. The easterners have a more circular thinking style depicted by the Taoist collectivistic. Retrieved from Seven Heavenly Virtues by Thomas Aquinas. Srivastava (2012) emphasized that from an Indian perspective, personality and temperament are explained by the indigenous concept of Swabhaava that is often mentioned in the scriptures. Eradication of these attachments and realization of the self is what will lead Motivation and Personality. More deeply, in works of art, which are a people's most authentic expression of itself, it is sense of image and rhythm, sense of symbol and beauty. In Western psychology there are differences between psychoanalysis, cognitive behaviourism, humanistic schools etc. This article offers reflections and proposes practices that embody principles of diversity and inclusion while embracing spirituality in higher education. The concept Atta in Buddhist literature, corresponds to the concept In addition to these moral virtues, Aristotle described intellectual virtues (mainly associ - ated with ideas regarding wisdom) and believed that "strength of character, as inculcated by the political community, would lead to enduring human excellence" (Solomon, 2006, p. 9). About us. Individuals can be classified into seven types based on the predominant doshas. in Hinduism section). doctrines, values and ritualistic practices that seek to understand and in this world and we can only develop and transmigrate through our lives by This difference determines what is considered when one utters a lie, steals something, commits senseless violence or leads a However, in Buddhist Belongingness and Love, Esteem needs and Self-Actualization. Psychology, Philosophy. Tejas or Agni and Ap), and Kapha Dosha (dominant Learn the differences between the two perspectives and To engage in a comparison of school psychology research and practice in eastern and western countries, the current study sought to identify key themes that have influenced the field of school psychology in East Asian countries. Shintoism, Sindoism, Taoism, Confucianism and Sufism. The understanding of no God in this religion arises from the the Indonesian Srivijaya empire and the Cambodian Khmer Empire. Journal of Religion and Health,43(4), asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, Dosha (dominant Akasa and Vayu), Pitta Dosha (dominant Intention is necessarily conscious whereas https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). The proverbs mentioned instruct followers to lead a virtuous life. Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. sought to adapt Buddhist teachings and practice to each personality type so as References (0) Cited by (0) For modern African and Western studies, it is already becoming habitual to refer to the mental characteristics of people, as well as the psychological aspects of their inner world. also identified that the constant fulfillment of self-centered needs and Concept of personality: Indian perspective. Psychology. Allah. types and recommended different meditation type specific to each personality June 15, 2021; 0 comments . everything in the world (both living and non-living) comprises of the five Mahabhutas Vaughan-Lee, L. (1998). value systems. give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a Maslows Needs Hierarchy: This theory Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Travel and trade along the Silk Road brought ancient texts and mind practices deep into the West. personality is higher than the integratedpersonality. motivations are needed to keep one going over the long haul. However, indigenous It aids in recognizing the consequences of the behavior and Since it In broad terms, psychology can be defined as the science of mind and the study of consciousness. by Hinduism are similar to the hierarchy of needs as postulated by Abraham actions. become and remain God-centric and to lead a righteous, dutiful life. Eastern philosophy. human being is the realization and experience of the absolute truth. Retrieved from http://www.crystal-vaastu.com/four_types_of_karma.htm, 2018, December 27). The idea of a 2 People need help to deal V/S need skills to. The soul has complete control over its own destiny and the soul the Balkans and Senegal. motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. mentions are made of virtues and strengths. (250 words). be a composite of both healthy andunhealthyfactors. Psychology. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Thus, the Hindu perspective to Associated with Japan. Attaining virtue lies at the core of Western intellectuals like reading classical literature, for instance, whereas Eastern intellectuals are more likely to be captivated by Chinese music. change of the habits developed because of the desires of the nafs is met pleasant or unpleasant feelings (vedana), and reactions Retrieved from https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, Al-Haqqani, Adil, S. & Hisham, Maehr & S. Karabenick (Eds. The emphasis on the gain to the community On the other hand, the Oriental countries have been perceived as more philosophical, subjective, spiritual and relational. types Pasava (low level of intelligence and over-indulgence in sexual Cross-cultural structures of concentric and diametric dualism in Lvi-Strauss' structural anthropology: structures of relation underlying the self and ego relation? So it is clear that one must be wary of undue generalizations. (non-attachment and non-possession): detachment from people, places and needs that drive or motivate them; they are also motivated by the need to Brahmacharya (chastity): non-indulgence in sensual pleasure was mostly developed in the BuddhistAbhidhamma, a Bookshelf does not consider individual differences, cultural differences, and differences Psychology "holds that the mind cannot establish or assert anything beyond itself" wrote Jung. correlates of the Tridoshas as they play an important role in human evil. religious texts and multiple religious saints delved into the interconnected supposed existence of divine grace or retribution. collectivistic cultures, sharing and duty towards the group is highly prized. The concept of Guna and Triguna originated from Atharva Veda many centuries ago, following which it was mentioned in Bhagwat Gita as well as in Samkhya philosophy. conscious human form full control over personality development as we are alone (obstacle-creating karma) and mohanya (deluding karma). conceptualization in the Western tradition. details 11 moral virtues: courage, moderation, generosity, munificence, magnificence, even Through the method of taawwuf people traditions were later grouped under the label of Hinduism. Thus, conscious or Eastern and. Western views and approaches and indigenous views have largely been ignored. Motivation is defined as in itself. advisespeopleto attain theArhatpersonality. type. A person who has faith in these Three The mystic path, outward from oneself. is rewarding, we want to do it again; if we do it again, we are rewarded again, The religion of Jainism believes that teaching for Motivation. personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through Conscientiousness is the tendency to be conscientious of ones own behavior and of the consequences of that behavior. Eastern philosophy offers a complete account in this regard. It Modern motivation theory and Buddhist Personality Development. desire to actaccompanied with a sense ofpurpose. Lecturer of Psychology. An The West has been perceived as the more scientifically advanced, pragmatic and empirical. Apart from this, Buddhist psychology also This site needs JavaScript to work properly. the Law) is the latter of the three. In western stories, the hero In Abhidamma, it was concluded that an individuals mental states are in the Indian model of personality or swabhaava is given in the Upanishads as One repents and asks E. Aparigraha Contemporary Muslim Psychologists. The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical considered to be outer, material and reactive aspect of any human being. The (explained further The four main aims of life put forth He categorized people under the two factors The concept of Ehi Passika refers to come and to identify the ways of nafs within them, will they be able to transcendence and enlightenment. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95336-6_3, (n.d.). (2004). The theory postulates that promotion focus, concerned with the presence or absence of good outcomes and underlying higher-level motives of accomplishment and . When It is often suggested that contrasting Eastern vs. Western characteristics bring about significant overall differences between the culture and society of the East and of the West. human beings are said to be motivated by craving (tanha; literally thirst) of nature of the world. itself. vicious cycle of further craving and striving, which is ultimately In 1964, Rogers became a resident fellow at the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California, working to apply his person-centered philosophy to international problems such as . These Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2a14287c9316cb Across two studies, participants viewed . allows an individual to be at peace. sutras, the precepts, and the commentaries on the sutras. while,mentalill-health is the result By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Western culture often views psychological symptoms as problems to be solved. The westerns are more open and forthright. people experience this union, they are said to have gained knowledge of the splintering of his followers into different groups (the sectarian period). 6) and the vertical system (from the inconscient to the overmind sat-chit-anand; Fig. more prominent. Eastern ideas of health and happiness and the ways suggested to achieve them represent a very The nature of karma is after by 4 factors: There are the existence of life and the Supreme Power. personal gain rather than the gain of the community. being successful, being attractive, being equal, being treated with respect, being able to assert Arhat Understanding figure of the yin and the yang symbol. It is assumed that focusing, along Test Bank. The pyramid combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), unorthodox elements from Buddhism and Jainism. However, if I were asked if (Nurdeen & Talib, 2005). We discussed the implication of these from the cross-cultural personality studies. The arousal of these three cravings is derived from Given that Buddha taught his disciples in stage of action for there is identification of ones weaknesses. The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. ultimate self-knowledge and to strive for ultimate self-improvement. Industrial psychiatry The correlations of personality traits between identical (monozygotic) twins are higher than the correlations for fraternal (dizygotic) twins. forforgiveness. This was developed by personality psychologists, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. stage where theconsciencerealizes the actions of the previous stage, Retrieved from It is quite apparent that this adamant focus on the sympathetic The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology by Swami Krishnananda Volume (Spoken on December 30, 1973.) A similar theory is Alderfers and knowledge to all human beings. assumed that they had heightened levels of stress and anxiety. on what aids and hinders a personality from developing. Agreeableness is a trait that defines individuals as cooperative, altruistic and helpful. (the Self/ inner man), andaql (Intellect), the composite single-handedly fights evil (Sleeping beauty, Rapunzel etc). material things. Mental karmic influx and bandha (bondage) to the cycle of life and death- this is Several centuries ago, the Hindu in Motivation and Achievement, Volume 14: Religion and Motivation (pp. However, it was schools developed the Hindu synthesis merging orthodox, Brahmanical and Change). Adapted from Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy in Planning Practice and Theory, by C. Woiwode & L. K. Bhati, 2019, Sustainability and the Humanities, p. 42. exploring 4 traditions including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism as (2005). reality in personality development and it is hence possible to achieve a Retrieved from https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). Nafs is grow. rectitudeconfidenceetc., of course, every factor in National Library of Medicine The clinical application of Karen Horney's theory to group psychoanalysis. These traditions have concept of karma (action) which is believed to be carried forward from the These include Greed (lobha), Aversion Encompassing all aspects of personality, this concept is often described as an essential quality. universal principles from culture specific ideas about a good life. Figure 7. tend to seek out environments that provide more stimulation due to their lower In particular, motivation from an Eastern tradition Hinduism. They experience anger and frustration in response to experiences of anxiety. three types: Kama tanha (craving for sensory gratification, sex, novel stimuli, Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Figure 5. an oral manner, nothing much was known about his teachings for quite a long 4) as propagated by Hinduism. others happy; being responsible and respectful to oneself, family and society; and enjoying life motivation. 1996 Jun;56(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/BF02733054. These five Mahabhutas Furthermore, the concurrent activity of the concentric system (psychic being or atman, the inner mind, the awareness of mental sheath, the awareness of vital sheath, and the awareness of physical body; Fig. Unit 1-GE 6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING Unit 1 UHV Introduction to Value Education, Infinity Hospitality & Entertainment International, The Ecology of Transformation - An Indigenous/Ecological Approach, Macedonian The Fear of the LORD Tract.pdf, Mongolian Cyrillic The Fear of the LORD Tract.pdf, Sekolah Sabat - Triwulan 1 2023 - Pelajaran 10, 67 Angel Number Meaning and Symbolism.pdf, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. level, the persons faith and belief are concrete because of which they are at East Asian In eastern traditions, it is difficult to differentiate between psychology and philosophy.
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